{"id":8057,"date":"2026-11-12T23:06:51","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T04:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=8057"},"modified":"2026-11-12T23:06:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T04:06:51","slug":"luz-computacion-cuantica-fotonica-purdue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/ciencia\/tecnologia\/luz-computacion-cuantica-fotonica-purdue\/","title":{"rendered":"LA LUZ ABRE CAMINO A LA COMPUTACI\u00d3N CU\u00c1NTICA"},"content":{"rendered":"

La posibilidad de construir ordenadores cu\u00e1nticos que procesen informaci\u00f3n mediante part\u00edculas de luz vuelve a situar la fot\u00f3nica en el centro de la investigaci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica. Un balance publicado el 12 de noviembre de 2026 por la Universidad Purdue, en Estados Unidos, re\u00fane varios avances destinados a resolver dificultades que todav\u00eda separan los experimentos de laboratorio de una m\u00e1quina de uso pr\u00e1ctico.<\/p>\n

El inter\u00e9s de esta l\u00ednea de trabajo no consiste simplemente en fabricar un ordenador convencional m\u00e1s veloz. Se trata de desarrollar una arquitectura diferente, capaz de aprovechar propiedades de la f\u00edsica cu\u00e1ntica para abordar determinados problemas de c\u00e1lculo. La velocidad de propagaci\u00f3n de la luz es una ventaja potencial, pero no garantiza por s\u00ed sola una aceleraci\u00f3n de todos los algoritmos.<\/p>\n

INFORMACI\u00d3N EN PART\u00cdCULAS DE LUZ<\/h2>\n

En un ordenador convencional, los bits representan valores binarios. En cambio, un bit cu\u00e1ntico puede prepararse en una superposici\u00f3n de estados, descrita mediante amplitudes que evolucionan durante el c\u00e1lculo. Al medirlo se obtiene un resultado concreto. La utilidad de esta tecnolog\u00eda depende de organizar las operaciones de manera que la interferencia favorezca los resultados buscados.<\/p>\n

Una de las alternativas para construir estos sistemas consiste en utilizar fotones. La informaci\u00f3n puede codificarse, por ejemplo, en la polarizaci\u00f3n de la luz o en las rutas que recorre dentro de un circuito. Los componentes \u00f3pticos deben conducir, combinar y detectar se\u00f1ales extremadamente d\u00e9biles sin destruir la informaci\u00f3n que transportan.<\/p>\n

El reto industrial es reproducir esas operaciones de forma fiable. Un dispositivo experimental que funciona con pocos componentes no necesariamente conservar\u00e1 su rendimiento cuando se multiplique el n\u00famero de conexiones. Las p\u00e9rdidas de luz, las diferencias entre dispositivos y la precisi\u00f3n de los detectores se convierten entonces en factores decisivos.<\/p>\n

EL DESAF\u00cdO DE CONTROLAR UN FOT\u00d3N<\/h2>\n

Los trabajos dirigidos por los profesores Alexandra Boltasseva<\/strong> y Vladimir Shalaev<\/strong> exploran fuentes individuales de luz en materiales compatibles con circuitos integrados. Tambi\u00e9n investigan mecanismos de conmutaci\u00f3n \u00f3ptica que permitan controlar se\u00f1ales a escala cu\u00e1ntica. Son pasos complementarios: generar la se\u00f1al no basta si despu\u00e9s no es posible manipularla.<\/p>\n

Un circuito fot\u00f3nico se parece en algunos aspectos a una red de caminos microsc\u00f3picos. En lugar de transportar corriente el\u00e9ctrica por cada uno de ellos, puede dirigir la luz mediante estructuras fabricadas sobre un sustrato. La integraci\u00f3n permite imaginar sistemas compactos, aunque todav\u00eda exige una fabricaci\u00f3n muy precisa.<\/p>\n

\"Fibras
Imagen ilustrativa de fibras \u00f3pticas. Foto: Umberto \/ Unsplash.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

CUANDO EL ENTORNO ALTERA EL C\u00c1LCULO<\/h2>\n

Otro obst\u00e1culo es la decoherencia, t\u00e9rmino que describe la p\u00e9rdida de las relaciones cu\u00e1nticas necesarias para que determinadas operaciones funcionen. El problema no es exclusivo de la fot\u00f3nica: afecta a numerosas plataformas que intentan mantener estados cu\u00e1nticos bajo control.<\/p>\n

El informe de Purdue destaca una investigaci\u00f3n publicada este a\u00f1o en Nature Communications<\/em> que utiliza aprendizaje autom\u00e1tico para anticipar fluctuaciones en emisores cu\u00e1nticos. El objetivo es intervenir antes de que las variaciones comprometan el funcionamiento del sistema. En los dispositivos estudiados, el equipo observ\u00f3 una reducci\u00f3n de hasta veinte veces en los desplazamientos espectrales mediante su estrategia de control.<\/p>\n

Esta cifra describe un resultado experimental espec\u00edfico, no una mejora equivalente en la velocidad de un ordenador completo. La distinci\u00f3n es fundamental para interpretar el alcance de la investigaci\u00f3n. Un componente m\u00e1s estable puede facilitar el dise\u00f1o de una m\u00e1quina, pero su integraci\u00f3n con otros elementos plantea problemas adicionales.<\/p>\n

DE LA INVESTIGACI\u00d3N A LA INDUSTRIA<\/h2>\n

Las posibles aplicaciones de la computaci\u00f3n cu\u00e1ntica incluyen la simulaci\u00f3n de sistemas moleculares y materiales, as\u00ed como ciertos problemas matem\u00e1ticos. Sin embargo, demostrar una ventaja frente a los mejores m\u00e9todos cl\u00e1sicos exige considerar el tiempo total de ejecuci\u00f3n, la preparaci\u00f3n de los datos, la correcci\u00f3n de errores y la lectura de resultados.<\/p>\n

El futuro de esta tecnolog\u00eda probablemente no dependa de una sola arquitectura. Los circuitos superconductores, los iones atrapados y los sistemas fot\u00f3nicos representan distintas maneras de abordar el mismo desaf\u00edo. Cada plataforma tiene limitaciones f\u00edsicas y necesidades de ingenier\u00eda propias.<\/p>\n

Los avances reunidos por Purdue muestran por qu\u00e9 el desarrollo de ordenadores cu\u00e1nticos es tambi\u00e9n una cuesti\u00f3n de fabricaci\u00f3n, metrolog\u00eda y control. La luz ofrece posibilidades extraordinarias, pero convertirlas en una herramienta inform\u00e1tica fiable sigue siendo una tarea abierta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Purdue re\u00fane avances en fuentes de fotones, conmutaci\u00f3n \u00f3ptica y control de fluctuaciones para construir circuitos cu\u00e1nticos.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":8055,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,33205424],"tags":[33207884,33208798,33205567],"class_list":["post-8057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-tecnologia","tag-computacion-cuantica","tag-fotonica","tag-tecnologia"],"acf":{"introduccion":"","fuentes_y_referencias":"

Universidad Purdue \u2014 12 de noviembre de 2026<\/a><\/p>

Nature Communications \u2014 Anticipating decoherence in quantum systems<\/a><\/p>

Nature Nanotechnology \u2014 All-optical modulation with single photons<\/a><\/p>","autor":748},"yoast_head":"\nLA LUZ ABRE CAMINO A LA COMPUTACI\u00d3N CU\u00c1NTICA - Ca\u00f1asanta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Purdue re\u00fane avances en fot\u00f3nica cu\u00e1ntica para controlar fotones y reducir fluctuaciones que afectan a los circuitos del futuro.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/science\/technology\/luz-computacion-cuantica-fotonica-purdue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LA LUZ ABRE CAMINO A LA COMPUTACI\u00d3N CU\u00c1NTICA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Purdue re\u00fane avances en fot\u00f3nica cu\u00e1ntica para controlar fotones y reducir fluctuaciones que afectan a los 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