{"id":7397,"date":"2026-11-08T12:36:04","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T17:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=7397"},"modified":"2026-11-08T12:36:04","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T17:36:04","slug":"mercurio-lagos-mayas-coba-xcach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/ciencia\/mercurio-lagos-mayas-coba-xcach\/","title":{"rendered":"EL MERCURIO OCULTO EN LOS LAGOS MAYAS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un estudio publicado el 6 de noviembre de 2026 ha encontrado nuevas se\u00f1ales de contaminaci\u00f3n por mercurio en antiguos paisajes mayas de la pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, en M\u00e9xico. La investigaci\u00f3n, difundida por Reuters y publicada en Science Advances<\/em>, reconstruye episodios de acumulaci\u00f3n de este metal t\u00f3xico a partir de sedimentos depositados en lagos cercanos a asentamientos hist\u00f3ricos. El resultado ampl\u00eda el mapa de una contaminaci\u00f3n que no parece haber quedado confinada a los edificios ceremoniales.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores analizaron registros sedimentarios asociados con Cob\u00e1<\/strong> y Xcach<\/strong>, dos enclaves de la regi\u00f3n. En ellos identificaron aumentos de mercurio correspondientes aproximadamente al per\u00edodo comprendido entre los a\u00f1os 125 y 820 de nuestra era. Algunas de las concentraciones reconstruidas figuran entre las m\u00e1s elevadas documentadas para contextos mayas antiguos. El hallazgo ofrece una perspectiva ambiental de pr\u00e1cticas culturales conocidas sobre todo por sus vestigios arqueol\u00f3gicos.<\/p>\n

EL ROJO QUE DEJ\u00d3 UNA HUELLA T\u00d3XICA<\/h2>\n

El principal sospechoso es el cinabrio<\/strong>, mineral rojo compuesto por sulfuro de mercurio. Su intenso color lo convirti\u00f3 en un pigmento valioso para determinadas ceremonias, entierros y decoraciones. Su presencia en objetos y estructuras arqueol\u00f3gicas est\u00e1 documentada, pero el nuevo trabajo plantea una cuesti\u00f3n diferente: qu\u00e9 ocurr\u00eda con el mercurio una vez que el pigmento entraba en contacto con suelos, escorrent\u00edas y cuerpos de agua.<\/p>\n

Las lluvias, la erosi\u00f3n y el movimiento de part\u00edculas pueden trasladar sustancias desde \u00e1reas habitadas hasta dep\u00f3sitos naturales. Los sedimentos de un lago funcionan entonces como archivos de cambios ambientales. Cada capa conserva se\u00f1ales qu\u00edmicas que permiten reconstruir, con incertidumbres, episodios de contaminaci\u00f3n ocurridos muchos siglos antes de la existencia de instrumentos modernos.<\/p>\n

El mercurio no se comporta siempre del mismo modo. Sus distintas formas qu\u00edmicas tienen movilidad y toxicidad diferentes, y ciertos procesos biol\u00f3gicos pueden transformarlo en compuestos que se incorporan a cadenas alimentarias. Por eso, detectar mercurio en un sedimento no equivale autom\u00e1ticamente a demostrar una intoxicaci\u00f3n humana, aunque s\u00ed justifica investigar las posibles rutas de exposici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

LOS LAGOS TAMBI\u00c9N CAMBIARON<\/h2>\n

El estudio no se limit\u00f3 a identificar el metal. Los registros ambientales muestran alteraciones en comunidades de organismos acu\u00e1ticos, entre ellos bacterias, algas, cianobacterias, peque\u00f1os invertebrados con concha y larvas de insectos. La coincidencia temporal con episodios de contaminaci\u00f3n sugiere que el mercurio pudo afectar distintos niveles de los ecosistemas lacustres.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, una coincidencia en el registro sedimentario no permite atribuir todos los cambios biol\u00f3gicos a una sola causa. El clima, la actividad humana, las variaciones del nivel del agua y otros factores tambi\u00e9n pueden modificar un lago. La importancia del trabajo est\u00e1 en reunir varias l\u00edneas de evidencia y abrir preguntas que deber\u00e1n contrastarse con nuevos sitios y m\u00e9todos.<\/p>\n

Ruinas mayas de Kabah, fotograf\u00eda contextual de Yohann Mourre
Arquitectura maya en Kabah. Imagen de contexto, no del lugar donde se extrajeron las muestras. Foto: Yohann Mourre \/ Unsplash.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

UNA CIVILIZACI\u00d3N Y SU ENTORNO<\/h2>\n

Cob\u00e1<\/strong> fue un importante centro maya durante el per\u00edodo Cl\u00e1sico. La investigaci\u00f3n invita a considerar que el uso ritual y art\u00edstico de materiales tambi\u00e9n ten\u00eda una dimensi\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica, incluso en sociedades que no dispon\u00edan de industrias modernas. Las sustancias utilizadas en espacios de prestigio pod\u00edan terminar mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de los lugares donde fueron aplicadas.<\/p>\n

Una posible exposici\u00f3n humana habr\u00eda dependido de la concentraci\u00f3n, la forma qu\u00edmica del mercurio y las v\u00edas de contacto. El consumo de agua o de animales acu\u00e1ticos constituye una hip\u00f3tesis que merece atenci\u00f3n, no una conclusi\u00f3n demostrada sobre enfermedades concretas de sus habitantes. Tampoco se ha establecido que esta contaminaci\u00f3n causara el declive de las ciudades mayas.<\/p>\n

El colapso de distintos centros del per\u00edodo Cl\u00e1sico es un proceso complejo, con cronolog\u00edas y causas regionales diversas. Sequ\u00edas, conflictos, transformaciones pol\u00edticas y presiones sobre recursos han sido objeto de investigaci\u00f3n durante d\u00e9cadas. Incorporar el mercurio como una posible presi\u00f3n ambiental no autoriza a reemplazar esas explicaciones por una teor\u00eda \u00fanica.<\/p>\n

LO QUE REVELAN LOS SEDIMENTOS<\/h2>\n

El valor del descubrimiento reside en su alcance: dos lagos conservan indicios de una huella qu\u00edmica persistente y de cambios en organismos acu\u00e1ticos que vivieron hace m\u00e1s de un milenio. Esa combinaci\u00f3n permite estudiar no solo c\u00f3mo las comunidades mayas utilizaron ciertos minerales, sino tambi\u00e9n c\u00f3mo sus pr\u00e1cticas pudieron modificar los ambientes circundantes.<\/p>\n

Quedan preguntas esenciales. \u00bfHasta qu\u00e9 punto variaban las concentraciones entre asentamientos? \u00bfQu\u00e9 proporci\u00f3n proced\u00eda del cinabrio usado por las personas y cu\u00e1l pod\u00eda responder a fuentes naturales? \u00bfCu\u00e1nto mercurio alcanzaba efectivamente los alimentos? Responderlas exigir\u00e1 comparar nuevos n\u00facleos sedimentarios, registros arqueol\u00f3gicos y an\u00e1lisis qu\u00edmicos m\u00e1s detallados.<\/p>\n

El estudio recuerda que la historia de una civilizaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n puede escribirse en el fondo de sus lagos. All\u00ed permanecen rastros invisibles a simple vista que conectan arte, ceremonias y ecosistemas, sin necesidad de convertir una evidencia cient\u00edfica relevante en una explicaci\u00f3n definitiva del pasado.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sedimentos de lagos mayas en Yucat\u00e1n revelan episodios antiguos de contaminaci\u00f3n por mercurio y posibles efectos ecol\u00f3gicos. Estudio publicado el 6 de noviembre de 2026.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":7395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,33205478,3213],"tags":[33207515],"class_list":["post-7397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-arqueologia","category-ciencia","tag-mayas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEL 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