{"id":7381,"date":"2026-11-08T09:10:38","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T14:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=7381"},"modified":"2026-11-08T09:10:38","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T14:10:38","slug":"migracion-mamiferos-riesgo-extincion-estudio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/ciencia\/migracion-mamiferos-riesgo-extincion-estudio\/","title":{"rendered":"MIGRAR PODR\u00cdA AUMENTAR EL RIESGO DE EXTINCI\u00d3N"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las migraciones de grandes mam\u00edferos suelen presentarse como una de las estrategias m\u00e1s exitosas de la naturaleza. Sin embargo, un estudio publicado el 5 de noviembre de 2026<\/strong> en PLOS Biology<\/em> plantea una paradoja: entre los mam\u00edferos ungulados que desaparecieron durante los \u00faltimos 100.000 a\u00f1os, la proporci\u00f3n de especies probablemente migratorias fue considerablemente mayor que entre las que sobreviven hoy.<\/p>\n

The team led by Joel O. Abraham<\/strong>, de la Universidad de Princeton, combin\u00f3 datos de especies vivas, f\u00f3siles y modelos evolutivos para investigar si recorrer grandes distancias estacionales puede aumentar la vulnerabilidad de un linaje a la extinci\u00f3n. La conclusi\u00f3n es sugerente, pero no definitiva: buena parte del comportamiento de los animales desaparecidos tuvo que reconstruirse estad\u00edsticamente.<\/p>\n

Los ungulados son mam\u00edferos con pezu\u00f1as, como ant\u00edlopes, ciervos, cebras y \u00f1us. Algunos recorren largas distancias para encontrar pastos, agua o condiciones favorables para reproducirse. Esa movilidad les permite aprovechar recursos que cambian con las estaciones, aunque tambi\u00e9n los obliga a depender de rutas y calendarios ambientales que pueden alterarse.<\/p>\n

UNA COMPARACI\u00d3N ENTRE ESPECIES VIVAS Y EXTINTAS<\/h2>\n

Para comparar el pasado con el presente, los investigadores analizaron 51 especies extintas<\/strong> del Cuaternario tard\u00edo y 207 especies actuales<\/strong>. Estimaron que unas 41 de las desaparecidas, aproximadamente el 80 %, eran migratorias. Entre las vivas, la proporci\u00f3n registrada fue del 46 %, equivalente a 95 especies. La diferencia apunta a una posible relaci\u00f3n entre migraci\u00f3n y riesgo evolutivo.<\/p>\n

Pero hay una distinci\u00f3n esencial: nadie observ\u00f3 directamente a los animales extintos desplazarse. Sus h\u00e1bitos se infirieron mediante caracter\u00edsticas relacionadas con la migraci\u00f3n en especies actuales, como masa corporal, dieta y distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica. Por eso, el porcentaje de especies antiguas migratorias es una estimaci\u00f3n y no un recuento de movimientos documentados.<\/p>\n

El trabajo utiliz\u00f3 adem\u00e1s modelos que incorporan parentescos evolutivos para estimar la aparici\u00f3n y desaparici\u00f3n de especies. Cuando incluyeron los f\u00f3siles, los linajes migratorios mostraron tasas calculadas m\u00e1s altas tanto de extinci\u00f3n como de formaci\u00f3n de nuevas especies. Esta doble tendencia indica una mayor renovaci\u00f3n evolutiva, no simplemente una marcha irreversible hacia la desaparici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\"Cebras
Cebras en la sabana. Fotograf\u00eda de contexto: Murad Agaev \/ Unsplash.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

EL L\u00cdMITE DE LOS MODELOS<\/h2>\n

El resultado tiene una limitaci\u00f3n relevante que los propios autores reconocen: las estimaciones de esas tasas dependen fuertemente de incluir especies extintas. Al restringir los an\u00e1lisis a especies vivas, la se\u00f1al cambia. Por ello, el estudio no demuestra que migrar cause por s\u00ed mismo una extinci\u00f3n ni permite atribuir a esa conducta todas las p\u00e9rdidas del pasado.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n existe una explicaci\u00f3n ecol\u00f3gica plausible. Un animal sedentario puede sobrevivir si encuentra suficientes recursos en un territorio relativamente estable. Un migrante, en cambio, necesita que distintos h\u00e1bitats sigan conectados y que los alimentos est\u00e9n disponibles en momentos concretos. Una sequ\u00eda prolongada, un cambio de vegetaci\u00f3n o la interrupci\u00f3n de un corredor pueden afectar varias etapas de su ciclo anual.<\/p>\n

En el mundo actual, carreteras, cercas, expansi\u00f3n agr\u00edcola y asentamientos humanos a\u00f1aden obst\u00e1culos a esas rutas. El cambio clim\u00e1tico modifica, adem\u00e1s, el calendario de lluvias y la distribuci\u00f3n de los pastos. Son presiones contempor\u00e1neas bien reconocidas, aunque el estudio se concentra en patrones macroevolutivos y no mide directamente el efecto de cada carretera o barrera sobre una poblaci\u00f3n determinada.<\/p>\n

RUTAS QUE DEBEN PERMANECER ABIERTAS<\/h2>\n

Los cient\u00edficos tambi\u00e9n examinaron qu\u00e9 ocurri\u00f3 con la diversidad funcional, es decir, con la variedad de caracter\u00edsticas ecol\u00f3gicas que desempe\u00f1an los animales en sus ecosistemas. En sus estimaciones, las extinciones estudiadas representaron una reducci\u00f3n relativamente peque\u00f1a a escala global, del 0,8 %, pero una p\u00e9rdida mayor en \u00c1frica, del 2,7 %. La diferencia muestra que un promedio mundial puede ocultar efectos regionales importantes.<\/p>\n

El hallazgo aporta una perspectiva de largo plazo a los esfuerzos de conservaci\u00f3n. Proteger una especie migratoria no consiste \u00fanicamente en preservar un lugar donde se alimenta: puede exigir mantener accesibles los territorios de reproducci\u00f3n, las zonas de paso y los refugios estacionales. Cuando desaparece la conexi\u00f3n entre esos espacios, la ventaja de desplazarse puede convertirse en una debilidad.<\/p>\n

Por ahora, el mensaje cient\u00edfico exige prudencia. Los autores identificaron una asociaci\u00f3n evolutiva respaldada por modelos y f\u00f3siles, no una ley universal. Nuevos registros paleontol\u00f3gicos y mejores reconstrucciones de las migraciones antiguas permitir\u00e1n comprobar hasta qu\u00e9 punto el patr\u00f3n se sostiene. Entretanto, el estudio recuerda que las grandes traves\u00edas animales dependen de una geograf\u00eda cambiante y de conexiones que pueden perderse.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudio de PLOS Biology encuentra una asociaci\u00f3n entre migraci\u00f3n y extinci\u00f3n en mam\u00edferos con pezu\u00f1as. Los resultados dependen de modelos f\u00f3siles y requieren cautela.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":7379,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,33205542,3213,33205704],"tags":[33208746,33208486,33208747],"class_list":["post-7381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-animales","category-ciencia","category-medio-ambiente","tag-extincion-de-especies","tag-migracion-animal","tag-ungulados"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMIGRAR 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