{"id":7169,"date":"2026-11-06T11:40:56","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T16:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=7169"},"modified":"2026-11-06T11:40:56","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T16:40:56","slug":"cueva-font-major-280-grabados-prehistoricos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/historia\/cueva-font-major-280-grabados-prehistoricos\/","title":{"rendered":"LA CUEVA QUE OCULT\u00d3 280 GRABADOS PREHIST\u00d3RICOS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Durante d\u00e9cadas, miles de visitantes recorrieron una cueva de Catalu\u00f1a sin advertir que sus paredes conservaban una extraordinaria colecci\u00f3n de grabados de la Edad de Hielo. La Cova de la Font Major<\/strong>, en el nordeste de Espa\u00f1a, contiene al menos 280 motivos paleol\u00edticos<\/strong> que pasaron inadvertidos incluso cuando el lugar ya funcionaba como atracci\u00f3n tur\u00edstica. El hallazgo obliga a revisar el mapa del arte prehist\u00f3rico de la pen\u00ednsula ib\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n

La investigaci\u00f3n fue difundida por la revista cient\u00edfica Antiquity<\/em> el 5 de noviembre de 2026<\/strong>, despu\u00e9s de la publicaci\u00f3n de un estudio firmado por especialistas en arqueolog\u00eda prehist\u00f3rica. No se trata de pinturas reci\u00e9n realizadas ni de una cueva desconocida: lo sorprendente es que las marcas antiguas permanecieron a la vista durante generaciones sin que se reconociera su verdadero origen.<\/p>\n

UNA CUEVA VISITADA DURANTE SIGLOS<\/h2>\n

La cavidad era conocida desde al menos el siglo XII. A partir de 1957 recibi\u00f3 numerosas visitas de excursionistas, espele\u00f3logos y buscadores de tesoros, y en 1993 se convirti\u00f3 en un atractivo tur\u00edstico. En algunas paredes quedaron incluso nombres y fechas grabados por visitantes modernos, superpuestos a superficies que ya conten\u00edan se\u00f1ales mucho m\u00e1s antiguas.<\/p>\n

Durante a\u00f1os se consider\u00f3 que las caracter\u00edsticas de sus paredes no favorec\u00edan la realizaci\u00f3n de grabados paleol\u00edticos. Esa expectativa contribuy\u00f3 a que el lugar no ocupara un sitio destacado en los inventarios de arte de la Edad de Hielo. La identificaci\u00f3n de cientos de motivos demuestra ahora que una ausencia aparente de evidencias puede reflejar tambi\u00e9n limitaciones de observaci\u00f3n y de interpretaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

ANIMALES Y SIGNOS SOBRE LA PIEDRA<\/h2>\n

Los investigadores documentaron figuras animales y diferentes motivos lineales y abstractos. Entre las representaciones divulgadas figuran un oso, un caballo y un uro, adem\u00e1s de l\u00edneas paralelas y numerosos trazos curvos. El estudio no atribuye a cada figura un significado ritual preciso: interpretar qu\u00e9 quer\u00edan comunicar sus autores sigue siendo una cuesti\u00f3n abierta.<\/p>\n

The team led by Josep Maria Verg\u00e8s Bosch<\/strong> y M\u00edriam Salas-Alt\u00e8s<\/strong>, vinculados al Instituto Catal\u00e1n de Paleoecolog\u00eda Humana y Evoluci\u00f3n Social, analiz\u00f3 las caracter\u00edsticas del conjunto y sus diferencias respecto del arte de la regi\u00f3n franco-cant\u00e1brica. Los autores proponen que las im\u00e1genes reflejan una tradici\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica mediterr\u00e1nea con rasgos propios.<\/p>\n

\"Interior
Interior de una cueva de piedra caliza. Fotograf\u00eda de contexto; no corresponde a Font Major. Imagen: iuliu illes \/ Unsplash.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

UN VAC\u00cdO EN EL MAPA PREHIST\u00d3RICO<\/h2>\n

La distribuci\u00f3n del arte paleol\u00edtico europeo no es uniforme. Una parte importante de los conjuntos conocidos se concentra en el norte de Espa\u00f1a y el suroeste de Francia. En Catalu\u00f1a, por el contrario, las representaciones identificadas hasta ahora eran escasas. Esa desigualdad hab\u00eda alimentado la idea de que el nordeste ib\u00e9rico ocupaba una posici\u00f3n perif\u00e9rica en la producci\u00f3n art\u00edstica de aquel per\u00edodo.<\/p>\n

Con 280 motivos<\/strong>, Font Major se convierte, seg\u00fan los investigadores, en el conjunto de arte parietal paleol\u00edtico m\u00e1s numeroso documentado en Catalu\u00f1a y en el tercero m\u00e1s grande de la fachada mediterr\u00e1nea de la pen\u00ednsula ib\u00e9rica. El contraste es notable: muchos conjuntos de esa franja contienen apenas unas pocas figuras animales.<\/p>\n

La cantidad de im\u00e1genes plantea la posibilidad de que la zona tuviera una presencia humana m\u00e1s intensa o unas pr\u00e1cticas culturales m\u00e1s complejas de lo que suger\u00edan los registros anteriores. Sin embargo, el n\u00famero de grabados no permite calcular directamente cu\u00e1ntas personas vivieron all\u00ed<\/strong> ni cu\u00e1nto tiempo utilizaron la cueva. Para responder a esas preguntas har\u00e1n falta otras evidencias arqueol\u00f3gicas.<\/p>\n

EL RETO DE CONSERVAR LO QUE NO SE VE<\/h2>\n

El descubrimiento tambi\u00e9n expone una dificultad pr\u00e1ctica: las cuevas conocidas y frecuentadas pueden conservar superficies fr\u00e1giles cuyo valor todav\u00eda no ha sido identificado. La circulaci\u00f3n de visitantes, las inscripciones modernas, los cambios de humedad y las intervenciones sobre las paredes pueden alterar vestigios que han sobrevivido durante milenios.<\/p>\n

Por eso, documentar cada motivo y estudiar su estado de conservaci\u00f3n resulta tan importante como anunciar el hallazgo. Las t\u00e9cnicas de registro detallado permiten comparar trazos, distinguir marcas recientes de antiguas y estudiar la relaci\u00f3n entre las figuras sin intervenir innecesariamente en la roca.<\/p>\n

UNA HISTORIA QUE A\u00daN NO EST\u00c1 COMPLETA<\/h2>\n

El trabajo no demuestra que todo el arte paleol\u00edtico mediterr\u00e1neo perteneciera a una \u00fanica escuela ni resuelve la cronolog\u00eda exacta de cada figura. Lo que s\u00ed establece es que el panorama anterior estaba incompleto y que una cueva abierta al p\u00fablico pod\u00eda albergar uno de los conjuntos m\u00e1s importantes de su regi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

La lecci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica trasciende Catalu\u00f1a. A veces, ampliar el conocimiento del pasado no exige descubrir un lugar remoto, sino volver a observar con mejores preguntas aquello que parec\u00eda perfectamente conocido. En Font Major, las huellas de la Edad de Hielo estaban all\u00ed; faltaba aprender a reconocerlas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una cueva tur\u00edstica de Catalu\u00f1a conservaba 280 grabados de la Edad de Hielo que pasaron inadvertidos durante d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":7167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,3503],"tags":[3209,33208659,33207014],"class_list":["post-7169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-historia","tag-arqueologia","tag-arte-rupestre","tag-paleolitico"],"acf":{"introduccion":"","fuentes_y_referencias":"Antiquity (5 noviembre 2026), noticia institucional: https:\/\/antiquity.ac.uk\/news\/2026\/hundreds-ice-age-rock-art-engravings-discovered-hidden-plain-sight | Verg\u00e8s Bosch y Salas-Alt\u00e8s, Filling gaps: the Palaeolithic rock art of the Cova de la Font Major on the north-east Iberian Peninsula, Antiquity (2026), DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15184\/aqy.2026.10447 | Imagen de portada: Unsplash, fotograf\u00eda de contexto; interior: iuliu illes \/ Unsplash, fotograf\u00eda de contexto.","autor":748},"yoast_head":"\nLA CUEVA QUE OCULT\u00d3 280 GRABADOS PREHIST\u00d3RICOS - Ca\u00f1asanta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Una cueva tur\u00edstica de Catalu\u00f1a escond\u00eda 280 grabados paleol\u00edticos. 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