UNA SONDA DE 1977 QUE TODAV\u00cdA RESPONDE<\/strong><\/p>\nVoyager 1 fue lanzada en septiembre de 1977 y lleva casi medio siglo viajando. Despu\u00e9s de estudiar J\u00fapiter y Saturno, continu\u00f3 hacia las regiones exteriores del sistema solar hasta convertirse en la primera nave en entrar en el espacio interestelar. Hoy se encuentra a unos 24.000 millones de kil\u00f3metros de la Tierra.<\/p>\n
La distancia convierte cualquier problema t\u00e9cnico en un desaf\u00edo extraordinario. Una orden enviada desde nuestro planeta necesita casi un d\u00eda entero para alcanzar la sonda. La respuesta tarda pr\u00e1cticamente otro d\u00eda en regresar. No existe, por tanto, ninguna posibilidad de controlar la nave en tiempo real.<\/p>\n
El 18 y 19 de octubre, la Red del Espacio Profundo no consigui\u00f3 detectar la se\u00f1al de Voyager 1 durante dos sesiones programadas, separadas por unas 24 horas. Los ingenieros todav\u00eda investigan qu\u00e9 ocurri\u00f3. La se\u00f1al volvi\u00f3 a aparecer el 20 de octubre y desde entonces las comunicaciones se han mantenido.<\/p>\n
EL SISTEMA DE PROTECCI\u00d3N ACTU\u00d3 SOLO<\/strong><\/p>\nEl an\u00e1lisis inicial indica que un grupo de propulsores dej\u00f3 de funcionar y que la nave activ\u00f3 autom\u00e1ticamente un conjunto de respaldo. Ese comportamiento forma parte de su sistema de protecci\u00f3n contra fallos, dise\u00f1ado para colocar la sonda en una configuraci\u00f3n segura cuando sus computadoras detectan algo anormal.<\/p>\n
El episodio resulta especialmente llamativo por la edad de la nave. Muchos de sus componentes llevan funcionando desde una \u00e9poca anterior a los tel\u00e9fonos m\u00f3viles, Internet y las computadoras personales modernas. Los ingenieros trabajan hoy con hardware dise\u00f1ado hace medio siglo y con una cantidad de energ\u00eda cada vez menor.<\/p>\n
UNA OPERACI\u00d3N PARA ROBARLE A\u00d1OS AL TIEMPO<\/strong><\/p>\nEl otro avance ocurri\u00f3 en septiembre. El equipo complet\u00f3 una operaci\u00f3n bautizada informalmente como Big Bang para reducir el consumo el\u00e9ctrico de Voyager 1. Tres dispositivos fueron apagados y sustituidos simult\u00e1neamente por alternativas que requieren menos energ\u00eda, manteniendo al mismo tiempo una distribuci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica adecuada dentro de la nave.<\/p>\n
La electricidad procede de generadores termoel\u00e9ctricos de radiois\u00f3topos que convierten en energ\u00eda el calor producido por la desintegraci\u00f3n del plutonio. Esa fuente se debilita lentamente y las sondas Voyager pierden aproximadamente cuatro vatios de potencia cada a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n
Sin esta nueva estrategia de ahorro, los responsables de la misi\u00f3n calculaban que habr\u00eda sido necesario apagar otro instrumento cient\u00edfico de Voyager 1 tan pronto como el verano de 2027. La maniobra ofrece ahora un margen adicional para seguir recogiendo informaci\u00f3n directamente desde el espacio interestelar, una regi\u00f3n que ninguna otra nave operativa ha estudiado desde all\u00ed.<\/p>\n
UN D\u00cdA DE LUZ DE DISTANCIA<\/strong><\/p>\nVoyager 1 se aproxima adem\u00e1s a una frontera simb\u00f3lica sin precedentes. El 18 de noviembre alcanzar\u00e1 aproximadamente 25.900 millones de kil\u00f3metros de la Tierra, una distancia equivalente a un d\u00eda luz.<\/p>\n
Eso significa que una se\u00f1al de radio necesitar\u00e1 24 horas para viajar desde la Tierra hasta la nave. Si Voyager responde inmediatamente, habr\u00e1 que esperar otras 24 horas para recibir la contestaci\u00f3n. Una conversaci\u00f3n de ida y vuelta requerir\u00e1 dos d\u00edas.<\/p>\n
La sonda no notar\u00e1 nada especial al cruzar esa distancia. No existe all\u00ed una frontera f\u00edsica. El valor del momento es otro: permite comprender hasta d\u00f3nde ha llegado una m\u00e1quina construida por seres humanos y, al mismo tiempo, la escala casi incomprensible del espacio que todav\u00eda queda por delante.<\/p>\n
UNA MISI\u00d3N QUE SE NIEGA A TERMINAR<\/strong><\/p>\nVoyager 1 contin\u00faa desplaz\u00e1ndose a unos 61.000 kil\u00f3metros por hora. Sus c\u00e1maras dejaron de utilizarse hace d\u00e9cadas, pero algunos instrumentos siguen midiendo part\u00edculas, campos magn\u00e9ticos y las condiciones del medio interestelar.<\/p>\n
Cada a\u00f1o adicional de funcionamiento tiene valor cient\u00edfico porque no existe otra nave a esa distancia capaz de realizar mediciones directas. Su gemela Voyager 2 tambi\u00e9n se encuentra en el espacio interestelar, siguiendo una trayectoria diferente.<\/p>\n
La reciente p\u00e9rdida de se\u00f1al recuerda, sin embargo, que la misi\u00f3n vive en tiempo prestado. La energ\u00eda contin\u00faa disminuyendo, los componentes envejecen y cualquier fallo puede convertirse en el \u00faltimo. Pero casi cincuenta a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de abandonar la Tierra, Voyager 1 sigue haciendo algo extraordinario: comunicarse con nosotros desde una regi\u00f3n del cosmos a la que ninguna generaci\u00f3n anterior hab\u00eda conseguido llegar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Voyager 1, el objeto construido por el ser humano que m\u00e1s lejos ha viajado, acaba de superar otro episodio cr\u00edtico. La veterana sonda perdi\u00f3 inesperadamente el contacto con la Tierra durante dos intentos consecutivos de comunicaci\u00f3n, pero su se\u00f1al reapareci\u00f3 sin intervenci\u00f3n directa de los ingenieros. Al mismo tiempo, una compleja maniobra de ahorro energ\u00e9tico […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":6381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,3213,33205423,33205424],"tags":[33208226,33208225,33205576,33208224,33208227,33205984,33208223],"class_list":["post-6380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-ciencia","category-cosmos","category-tecnologia","tag-dia-luz","tag-deep-space-network","tag-espacio","tag-espacio-interestelar","tag-jpl","tag-nasa","tag-voyager-1"],"acf":{"introduccion":"","fuentes_y_referencias":"NASA\/JPL-Caltech \u2014 Voyager 1 Conserves Power, Resolves Brief Communications Pause (29 octubre 2026): https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/blogs\/voyager\/2026\/10\/29\/nasas-voyager-1-conserves-power-resolves-brief-communications-pause\/\\nNASA \u2014 Voyager 1: What Is a Light-Day (actualizado 2026): https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/voyager\/voyager-1\/voyager-1-what-is-a-light-day\/\\nNASA\/JPL-Caltech \u2014 Voyager Testing, PIA21737, fotograf\u00eda del 27 abril 1977: https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/photojournal\/voyager-testing\/\\nImagen destacada: NASA\/JPL-Caltech, dominio p\u00fablico; archivo PIA21737.","autor":748},"yoast_head":"\n
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