{"id":6221,"date":"2026-10-30T21:00:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T01:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=6221"},"modified":"2026-10-30T21:01:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T01:01:54","slug":"como-los-cocodrilos-sobrevivieron-al-asteroide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/ciencia\/como-los-cocodrilos-sobrevivieron-al-asteroide\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00d3MO LOS COCODRILOS SOBREVIVIERON AL ASTEROIDE"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hace 66 millones de a\u00f1os, el impacto de un asteroide en Chicxulub, en la actual pen\u00ednsula de Yucat\u00e1n, desencaden\u00f3 una crisis planetaria que acab\u00f3 con los dinosaurios no avianos. Sin embargo, algunos parientes de los cocodrilos atravesaron aquella cat\u00e1strofe. Una investigaci\u00f3n publicada en Science Advances propone que parte de la respuesta estaba en el lugar donde viv\u00edan.<\/p>\n

El trabajo, dirigido por Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza, de University College London, relaciona la supervivencia de estos animales con la persistencia de ambientes c\u00e1lidos cerca del ecuador. La explicaci\u00f3n combina refugios clim\u00e1ticos con caracter\u00edsticas biol\u00f3gicas que pudieron ayudarles a resistir la escasez.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

EL IMPACTO NO AFECT\u00d3 A TODOS POR IGUAL<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La cat\u00e1strofe alter\u00f3 la disponibilidad de luz y las temperaturas. Pero una perturbaci\u00f3n global no produce condiciones id\u00e9nticas en cada regi\u00f3n. En las simulaciones del estudio, determinadas zonas tropicales y subtropicales conservaron condiciones compatibles con los parientes de los cocodrilos.<\/p>\n

Esto no significa que fueran territorios intactos ni que los animales escaparan de las consecuencias del impacto. Significa que, dentro de un planeta profundamente alterado, algunos lugares pudieron continuar ofreciendo temperaturas tolerables para ciertas poblaciones. Sobrevivir depend\u00eda tambi\u00e9n de conservar un ambiente donde el organismo pudiera funcionar.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LOS F\u00d3SILES PERMITEN RECONSTRUIR EL REFUGIO<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Los investigadores combinaron m\u00e1s de 7.000 registros f\u00f3siles y datos de m\u00e1s de 400 especies vivientes y extintas con reconstrucciones del clima y la geograf\u00eda. As\u00ed estudiaron c\u00f3mo se relacion\u00f3 este linaje con su entorno a lo largo de aproximadamente 245 millones de a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

El patr\u00f3n general apunta a un seguimiento de los ambientes c\u00e1lidos: su distribuci\u00f3n se ampliaba durante periodos favorables y se contra\u00eda cuando descend\u00edan las temperaturas. En vez de interpretar su historia como una adaptaci\u00f3n constante a cualquier clima, el trabajo destaca la importancia de ocupar regiones que siguieran siendo adecuadas.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

QU\u00c9 MUESTRAN LAS SIMULACIONES<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Los autores probaron escenarios de reducci\u00f3n de la luz solar posteriores al impacto. Con descensos del 5 % y del 10 %, encontraron \u00e1reas ecuatoriales que todav\u00eda pod\u00edan resultar habitables para estos reptiles. Con una reducci\u00f3n del 15 %, ese refugio clim\u00e1tico desaparec\u00eda en el modelo.<\/p>\n

La diferencia importa: el resultado depende de la intensidad de la perturbaci\u00f3n simulada. Por eso se trata de una explicaci\u00f3n respaldada por modelos y f\u00f3siles, no de una observaci\u00f3n directa de c\u00f3mo sobrevivi\u00f3 cada poblaci\u00f3n. Los investigadores consideran menos probable el escenario m\u00e1s extremo analizado.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GASTAR POCO TAMBI\u00c9N AYUDABA<\/strong><\/h2>\n

El clima no basta para explicar la supervivencia. Los autores se\u00f1alan otros factores posibles, como el menor tama\u00f1o corporal de algunos supervivientes, una alimentaci\u00f3n flexible, la vida semiaqu\u00e1tica y las necesidades energ\u00e9ticas relativamente bajas de los animales ectotermos.<\/p>\n

Estas caracter\u00edsticas pudieron complementar la ventaja geogr\u00e1fica. Un refugio t\u00e9rmico ofrece condiciones de vida, pero sus habitantes todav\u00eda necesitan encontrar alimento y soportar periodos dif\u00edciles. La combinaci\u00f3n de distintas ventajas resulta m\u00e1s convincente que atribuir la supervivencia a una sola propiedad excepcional.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

LOS COCODRILOS TAMBI\u00c9N HAN CAMBIADO<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Los supervivientes de aquella extinci\u00f3n no eran simplemente las especies actuales conservadas sin cambios. El grupo tuvo una diversidad mucho mayor que la que vemos hoy, y atraves\u00f3 una larga historia de transformaciones y desapariciones. Adem\u00e1s, las aves son dinosaurios supervivientes: la extinci\u00f3n afect\u00f3 a los dinosaurios no avianos.<\/p>\n

La investigaci\u00f3n ofrece una imagen m\u00e1s precisa de aquella frontera entre vivir y desaparecer. Resistir no depend\u00eda \u00fanicamente de la fuerza o del tama\u00f1o, sino de una combinaci\u00f3n de fisiolog\u00eda, ecolog\u00eda y ubicaci\u00f3n. Algunos antepasados de los cocodrilos pudieron encontrarse donde las condiciones a\u00fan permit\u00edan seguir adelante.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudio propone que los refugios c\u00e1lidos y las ventajas biol\u00f3gicas ayudaron a los antepasados de los cocodrilos a sobrevivir al asteroide de Chicxulub.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":6234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,3213],"tags":[33208098,33208099,33207372,33205508,33205513,33205509],"class_list":["post-6221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-ciencia","tag-asteroide","tag-chicxulub","tag-cocodrilos","tag-dinosaurios","tag-evolucion","tag-paleontologia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00d3MO LOS COCODRILOS SOBREVIVIERON AL ASTEROIDE - 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