{"id":5838,"date":"2026-10-28T04:42:50","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T08:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=5838"},"modified":"2026-10-28T04:42:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T08:42:50","slug":"china-envejece-mas-mayores-que-ninos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/al-dia\/china-envejece-mas-mayores-que-ninos\/","title":{"rendered":"CHINA ENVEJECE: YA HAY M\u00c1S MAYORES QUE NI\u00d1OS"},"content":{"rendered":"

China acaba de cruzar una frontera demogr\u00e1fica hist\u00f3rica: por primera vez, la poblaci\u00f3n de 65 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s supera a la de ni\u00f1os de 0 a 14 a\u00f1os. El cambio confirma que el pa\u00eds m\u00e1s poblado durante d\u00e9cadas est\u00e1 entrando aceleradamente en una era de envejecimiento, menos nacimientos y una presi\u00f3n creciente sobre trabajadores, pensiones y servicios sanitarios.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un cruce que cambia la pir\u00e1mide<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Los datos oficiales m\u00e1s recientes muestran 223,09 millones de personas de 65 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s, frente a 214,36 millones de ni\u00f1os de 0 a 14 a\u00f1os. Reuters destac\u00f3 este 28 de octubre que la tasa de dependencia de los mayores ha superado por primera vez a la infantil, un punto de inflexi\u00f3n que resume d\u00e9cadas de transformaci\u00f3n demogr\u00e1fica.<\/p>\n

La Oficina Nacional de Estad\u00edsticas de China sit\u00faa a los mayores de 65 a\u00f1os en el 15,87% de la poblaci\u00f3n y a los menores de 15 en el 15,25%. El pa\u00eds todav\u00eda dispone de una enorme fuerza laboral, pero la direcci\u00f3n del cambio es inequ\u00edvoca: cada vez hay proporcionalmente menos j\u00f3venes y m\u00e1s ciudadanos que llegan a edades de jubilaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Menos nacimientos, m\u00e1s longevidad<\/strong><\/h3>\n

China cerr\u00f3 2025 con 1.404,89 millones de habitantes, 3,39 millones menos que un a\u00f1o antes. Durante ese a\u00f1o nacieron 7,92 millones de personas y murieron 11,31 millones, dejando una tasa de crecimiento natural negativa de 2,41 por cada mil habitantes.<\/p>\n

El fen\u00f3meno combina una fecundidad persistentemente baja con una esperanza de vida mayor. Las pol\u00edticas para estimular los nacimientos, incluidos subsidios y ampliaci\u00f3n de servicios de cuidado infantil, no han revertido hasta ahora la tendencia estructural. Al mismo tiempo, cientos de millones de chinos se acercan o ya han alcanzado la edad de retiro.<\/p>\n

La factura econ\u00f3mica<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El envejecimiento no es solamente una cuesti\u00f3n estad\u00edstica. Una proporci\u00f3n creciente de jubilados significa mayores necesidades de pensiones, atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica y cuidados de larga duraci\u00f3n, mientras una base laboral relativamente menor deber\u00e1 sostener esos sistemas.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n puede modificar el consumo y la capacidad productiva del pa\u00eds. China construy\u00f3 buena parte de su ascenso econ\u00f3mico sobre una gigantesca poblaci\u00f3n en edad de trabajar. Esa ventaja demogr\u00e1fica se reduce gradualmente, obligando a Pek\u00edn a apostar m\u00e1s por productividad, automatizaci\u00f3n, educaci\u00f3n y tecnolog\u00eda para compensar la p\u00e9rdida relativa de trabajadores.<\/p>\n

Una transformaci\u00f3n dif\u00edcil de revertir<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Las cifras oficiales permiten dimensionar la velocidad del cambio. En 2025, 323,38 millones de personas ten\u00edan 60 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s, equivalentes al 23% de la poblaci\u00f3n. En contraste, el n\u00famero de nacimientos continu\u00f3 por debajo del de fallecimientos.<\/p>\n

El gobierno ha respondido con pol\u00edticas de apoyo a las familias, servicios de guarder\u00eda y una estrategia nacional para enfrentar el envejecimiento. Sin embargo, las decisiones reproductivas de millones de hogares est\u00e1n condicionadas por factores dif\u00edciles de modificar r\u00e1pidamente: costo de la vivienda, educaci\u00f3n, empleo, largas jornadas laborales y cambios culturales sobre el matrimonio y la maternidad.<\/p>\n

China entra en otra \u00e9poca<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Durante buena parte del siglo XX, el gran desaf\u00edo chino fue administrar una poblaci\u00f3n enorme y joven. Ahora el problema comienza a invertirse. El pa\u00eds sigue contando con cientos de millones de trabajadores y un mercado interno gigantesco, pero deber\u00e1 sostener a una poblaci\u00f3n de edad avanzada cada vez mayor con generaciones j\u00f3venes proporcionalmente m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as.<\/p>\n

Que los mayores de 65 a\u00f1os hayan superado a los ni\u00f1os no es una curiosidad demogr\u00e1fica. Es una se\u00f1al de que la estructura social y econ\u00f3mica de China est\u00e1 cambiando desde sus cimientos, con consecuencias que se sentir\u00e1n durante d\u00e9cadas dentro y fuera del pa\u00eds.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

China acaba de cruzar una frontera demogr\u00e1fica hist\u00f3rica: por primera vez, la poblaci\u00f3n de 65 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s supera a la de ni\u00f1os de 0 a 14 a\u00f1os. El cambio confirma que el pa\u00eds m\u00e1s poblado durante d\u00e9cadas est\u00e1 entrando aceleradamente en una era de envejecimiento, menos nacimientos y una presi\u00f3n creciente sobre trabajadores, pensiones […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":5839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,33206547,33205449],"tags":[33207793,33205912,33207791,33206966,33206254,33207294,33207792],"class_list":["post-5838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-mundo","category-sociedad","tag-baja-natalidad","tag-china","tag-crisis-demografica","tag-demografia","tag-envejecimiento","tag-envejecimiento-poblacional","tag-poblacion-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCHINA ENVEJECE: YA HAY M\u00c1S MAYORES QUE NI\u00d1OS - Ca\u00f1asanta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China cruza un umbral hist\u00f3rico: por primera vez, los mayores de 65 a\u00f1os superan a los ni\u00f1os. 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