{"id":5747,"date":"2026-10-27T20:21:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T00:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=5747"},"modified":"2026-10-27T20:21:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T00:21:29","slug":"aranas-sueno-rem-portia-fimbriata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/al-dia\/aranas-sueno-rem-portia-fimbriata\/","title":{"rendered":"LAS ARA\u00d1AS SUE\u00d1AN\u2026 O CASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Durante siglos hemos observado a las ara\u00f1as como cazadoras silenciosas, pacientes y extraordinariamente sensibles a su entorno. Ahora la ciencia acaba de a\u00f1adirles una caracter\u00edstica mucho m\u00e1s inesperada: duermen de verdad y atraviesan distintas etapas de sue\u00f1o, incluida una fase sorprendentemente parecida al sue\u00f1o REM de los seres humanos.<\/strong><\/p>\n

El hallazgo procede de un estudio publicado en Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> (PNAS) y realizado por investigadores de la Universidad de Bonn con la ara\u00f1a saltarina australiana Portia fimbriata<\/em>. Los resultados ofrecen, seg\u00fan los investigadores, la primera confirmaci\u00f3n experimental completa de sue\u00f1o regulado en una ara\u00f1a.<\/p>\n

Una ara\u00f1a que duerme por etapas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El equipo registr\u00f3 durante d\u00edas y noches a ejemplares de Portia fimbriata<\/em>, una peque\u00f1a ara\u00f1a de gran capacidad visual conocida por cazar otras ara\u00f1as mediante estrategias complejas. Las grabaciones infrarrojas revelaron que su descanso nocturno no consiste simplemente en permanecer inm\u00f3vil.<\/p>\n

Los cient\u00edficos identificaron al menos dos estados claramente diferenciados. Durante uno de ellos, los animales permanec\u00edan quietos en su posici\u00f3n de descanso. En otro aparec\u00edan movimientos de las retinas, contracciones musculares y curvaturas de las patas que recuerdan a los movimientos caracter\u00edsticos del sue\u00f1o REM de los vertebrados.<\/p>\n

La comparaci\u00f3n resulta especialmente llamativa porque las ara\u00f1as poseen un sistema nervioso radicalmente distinto al nuestro. Encontrar una arquitectura del sue\u00f1o con estados diferenciados en un animal tan alejado evolutivamente de los mam\u00edferos obliga a reconsiderar hasta d\u00f3nde se remontan los mecanismos b\u00e1sicos del sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

No estaban simplemente quietas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Para demostrar que se trataba realmente de sue\u00f1o, los investigadores no se limitaron a observar los movimientos. Utilizaron est\u00edmulos ac\u00fasticos y midieron cu\u00e1nto tardaban las ara\u00f1as en reaccionar cuando estaban despiertas, en reposo o atravesando la fase similar al REM.<\/p>\n

Las respuestas se retrasaban durante el descanso y eran particularmente lentas durante los episodios REM-like. Algunas ara\u00f1as ni siquiera respondieron al est\u00edmulo mientras atravesaban esa fase, aunque posteriormente reaccionaron con normalidad cuando estaban despiertas.<\/p>\n

El equipo realiz\u00f3 adem\u00e1s pruebas de interrupci\u00f3n del sue\u00f1o. Despu\u00e9s de una noche perturbada, los animales compensaban parte del descanso perdido. Ese llamado \u201crebote del sue\u00f1o\u201d constituye una se\u00f1al importante de que el organismo regula activamente cu\u00e1nto necesita dormir y de que no se trata de simple inactividad nocturna.<\/p>\n

\u00bfEntonces las ara\u00f1as sue\u00f1an?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Aqu\u00ed la respuesta cient\u00edfica sigue siendo prudente: todav\u00eda no lo sabemos.<\/strong> Los investigadores observaron una fase conductual semejante al sue\u00f1o REM, pero no midieron directamente la actividad cerebral de las ara\u00f1as. Por tanto, ser\u00eda incorrecto afirmar que experimentan sue\u00f1os como los humanos.<\/p>\n

Lo que s\u00ed demuestra el estudio es mucho m\u00e1s s\u00f3lido: Portia fimbriata<\/em> presenta sue\u00f1o regulado, una arquitectura de al menos dos estados y episodios con movimientos oculares y musculares comparables, en t\u00e9rminos de comportamiento, a una fase REM.<\/p>\n

La distinci\u00f3n es importante. Ver una ara\u00f1a mover las patas o las retinas mientras duerme puede resultar tentador para imaginar que est\u00e1 persiguiendo una presa en alg\u00fan diminuto sue\u00f1o ar\u00e1cnido, pero la ciencia todav\u00eda no puede entrar en esa experiencia subjetiva.<\/p>\n

El sue\u00f1o podr\u00eda ser mucho m\u00e1s antiguo de lo pensado<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El descubrimiento abre una cuesti\u00f3n evolutiva considerable. Si animales con cerebros y mundos sensoriales tan diferentes presentan estados de sue\u00f1o organizados, algunos componentes fundamentales del dormir podr\u00edan ser mucho m\u00e1s antiguos y estar mucho m\u00e1s extendidos en el reino animal de lo que se supon\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores de Bonn quieren ahora comparar el sue\u00f1o entre distintas especies de ara\u00f1as y estudiar qu\u00e9 ocurre fuera del laboratorio. Tambi\u00e9n investigar\u00e1n la posible relaci\u00f3n entre sue\u00f1o, aprendizaje y capacidades cognitivas, adem\u00e1s del efecto de factores humanos como la iluminaci\u00f3n artificial nocturna.<\/p>\n

Por ahora, una peque\u00f1a cazadora australiana ha obligado a ampliar nuestra idea de lo que significa dormir. No podemos afirmar todav\u00eda que las ara\u00f1as sue\u00f1en. Pero cuando Portia fimbriata<\/em> cuelga boca abajo de su refugio de seda y sus ojos comienzan a moverse mientras sus patas se contraen, la distancia entre su noche y la nuestra parece bastante menor de lo que imagin\u00e1bamos.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un nuevo estudio demuestra que la ara\u00f1a saltarina Portia fimbriata tiene sue\u00f1o regulado en dos etapas, incluida una fase parecida al REM humano.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":5749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,3213],"tags":[33207711,33205545,33207712,33206193,33207713],"class_list":["post-5747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-ciencia","tag-aranas","tag-comportamiento-animal","tag-portia-fimbriata","tag-sueno-rem","tag-sueno-rem-aranas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLAS ARA\u00d1AS SUE\u00d1AN\u2026 O CASI - 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