{"id":4918,"date":"2026-10-22T00:58:18","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T04:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=4918"},"modified":"2026-10-22T00:58:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T04:58:18","slug":"ultima-fabrica-penicilina-europa-riesgo-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/salud\/ultima-fabrica-penicilina-europa-riesgo-china\/","title":{"rendered":"LA \u00daLTIMA F\u00c1BRICA DE PENICILINA DE EUROPA EST\u00c1 EN RIESGO"},"content":{"rendered":"

Europa conserva una sola planta capaz de fabricar penicilina de principio a fin, incluidos sus ingredientes activos esenciales. Est\u00e1 en Kundl, Austria, pertenece a Sandoz y ahora se ha convertido en el centro de una batalla que va mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del precio de un antibi\u00f3tico: la capacidad del continente para producir por s\u00ed mismo uno de los medicamentos m\u00e1s importantes de la historia moderna.<\/p>\n

La instalaci\u00f3n afronta una presi\u00f3n creciente de los antibi\u00f3ticos y principios activos procedentes de China, cuyos precios resultan muy dif\u00edciles de igualar para los fabricantes europeos. El problema ha reabierto el debate sobre hasta qu\u00e9 punto Europa puede depender del exterior para productos farmac\u00e9uticos considerados estrat\u00e9gicos.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Una f\u00e1brica que se qued\u00f3 sola<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La planta de Kundl es la \u00faltima instalaci\u00f3n plenamente integrada de Europa que produce penicilina desde las primeras etapas hasta el medicamento final. Otros fabricantes han cerrado instalaciones o trasladado parte de la producci\u00f3n a Asia durante a\u00f1os de competencia basada fundamentalmente en el precio.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan Reuters, China represent\u00f3 en 2025 alrededor del 86% de las importaciones de la Uni\u00f3n Europea de determinados ingredientes activos relacionados con la penicilina. En 2019 esa proporci\u00f3n era aproximadamente del 44%. El cambio muestra la velocidad con la que se ha concentrado una parte cr\u00edtica de la cadena farmac\u00e9utica.<\/p>\n

Para los sistemas p\u00fablicos de salud, comprar antibi\u00f3ticos m\u00e1s baratos permite contener el gasto. Para una f\u00e1brica europea sometida a costes energ\u00e9ticos, laborales y ambientales m\u00e1s altos, la misma l\u00f3gica puede hacer imposible competir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

200 millones no garantizan la supervivencia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La situaci\u00f3n resulta especialmente llamativa porque Sandoz complet\u00f3 hace apenas tres a\u00f1os una ampliaci\u00f3n de aproximadamente 200 millones de euros en Kundl. Cerca de 50 millones procedieron de fondos p\u00fablicos, una inversi\u00f3n destinada precisamente a proteger la capacidad europea de producir antibi\u00f3ticos esenciales.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, modernizar una planta no elimina la diferencia de costes con los productores asi\u00e1ticos. Sandoz sostiene que los precios de algunos productos chinos est\u00e1n ejerciendo una presi\u00f3n que amenaza la viabilidad de la instalaci\u00f3n y ha solicitado a la Comisi\u00f3n Europea que abra una investigaci\u00f3n antidumping.<\/p>\n

Una investigaci\u00f3n de ese tipo podr\u00eda terminar en medidas comerciales si las autoridades concluyen que determinados productos est\u00e1n entrando en el mercado europeo a precios artificialmente bajos.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El precio de depender del exterior<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La pandemia ya demostr\u00f3 que una cadena mundial de suministro eficiente en tiempos normales puede volverse vulnerable cuando aparecen cierres, restricciones comerciales o una demanda extraordinaria. Los medicamentos no son una excepci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

La penicilina y otros antibi\u00f3ticos b\u00e1sicos tienen adem\u00e1s una particularidad: son productos maduros, baratos y con m\u00e1rgenes reducidos. Esa combinaci\u00f3n favorece la concentraci\u00f3n de la fabricaci\u00f3n en lugares donde producir cuesta menos, pero tambi\u00e9n reduce el n\u00famero de alternativas disponibles cuando surge una interrupci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El debate europeo empieza por eso a parecerse al que ya existe alrededor de los semiconductores, la energ\u00eda y determinadas materias primas. El precio m\u00e1s bajo contin\u00faa siendo importante, pero la seguridad del suministro comienza a adquirir un valor propio.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Una decisi\u00f3n que Europa no puede aplazar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Comisi\u00f3n Europea deber\u00e1 decidir hasta d\u00f3nde est\u00e1 dispuesta a intervenir para conservar producci\u00f3n farmac\u00e9utica estrat\u00e9gica dentro de sus fronteras. Proteger una f\u00e1brica puede significar pagar m\u00e1s por determinados medicamentos; perderla puede significar depender todav\u00eda m\u00e1s de proveedores externos.<\/p>\n

Kundl resume esa contradicci\u00f3n. Europa invirti\u00f3 dinero p\u00fablico para mantener viva su producci\u00f3n de penicilina, pero la competencia internacional amenaza con hacer insuficiente esa inversi\u00f3n. Si la \u00faltima planta integrada desaparece, reconstruir esa capacidad industrial en medio de una futura crisis ser\u00eda mucho m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil que conservarla ahora.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La \u00faltima planta europea que fabrica penicilina de principio a fin lucha por sobrevivir frente a los antibi\u00f3ticos e ingredientes chinos de bajo coste.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":4919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,2127],"tags":[33207335,33205912,33207334,33207403],"class_list":["post-4918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-salud","tag-antibioticos","tag-china","tag-penicilina","tag-sandoz"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLA \u00daLTIMA F\u00c1BRICA DE PENICILINA DE EUROPA EST\u00c1 EN RIESGO - 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