{"id":3965,"date":"2026-10-18T15:23:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T19:23:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/?p=3965"},"modified":"2026-10-18T15:27:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T19:27:08","slug":"japon-mmx-fobos-muestra-lunas-marte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/ciencia\/cosmos\/japon-mmx-fobos-muestra-lunas-marte\/","title":{"rendered":"Jap\u00f3n va por un pedazo de Fobos: la misi\u00f3n que puede resolver el misterio de las lunas de Marte"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jap\u00f3n est\u00e1 a punto de enviar una nave hacia las dos peque\u00f1as lunas de Marte con una ambici\u00f3n extraordinaria: aterrizar en Fobos, arrancar material de su superficie y traerlo de regreso a la Tierra. Si la misi\u00f3n MMX cumple su objetivo, una muestra llegada en 2031 podr\u00eda resolver una discusi\u00f3n que lleva d\u00e9cadas abierta: de d\u00f3nde salieron realmente Fobos y Deimos.<\/h3>\n

La Agencia Japonesa de Exploraci\u00f3n Aeroespacial (JAXA) prepara el lanzamiento de Martian Moons eXploration, conocida como MMX, desde el Centro Espacial de Tanegashima. NASA inform\u00f3 el 15 de octubre que el despegue est\u00e1 previsto para las 4:41 de la madrugada del martes 20 de octubre en Jap\u00f3n \u20143:41 p. m. EDT del lunes 19\u2014, a bordo de un cohete H3.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Dos lunas y un viejo misterio<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Fobos y Deimos son cuerpos diminutos e irregulares. Durante a\u00f1os, los cient\u00edficos han debatido dos explicaciones principales para su existencia. Podr\u00edan ser antiguos asteroides capturados por la gravedad marciana o los restos de una colisi\u00f3n gigantesca que lanz\u00f3 material de Marte al espacio y termin\u00f3 formando sat\u00e9lites.<\/p>\n

La diferencia no es menor. Determinar cu\u00e1l de esas historias es correcta permitir\u00eda reconstruir una etapa muy temprana del sistema solar y entender mejor el entorno en el que los planetas interiores adquirieron parte de su agua y sus compuestos org\u00e1nicos.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

La nave llegar\u00e1 a Marte en 2027<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Seg\u00fan NASA, MMX alcanzar\u00e1 Marte en agosto de 2027. Desde all\u00ed estudiar\u00e1 Fobos y Deimos antes de concentrarse en Fobos. La nave analizar\u00e1 su forma, superficie y composici\u00f3n y preparar\u00e1 una operaci\u00f3n que convierte esta misi\u00f3n en algo mucho m\u00e1s ambicioso que un simple orbitador: recoger material directamente de la luna marciana.<\/p>\n

La toma de muestras est\u00e1 prevista no antes de diciembre de 2028. Si todo sale seg\u00fan lo planeado, una c\u00e1psula con ese material regresar\u00e1 a la Tierra en 2031. Tener fragmentos reales de Fobos en laboratorios terrestres permitir\u00eda aplicar t\u00e9cnicas mucho m\u00e1s precisas que las disponibles a bordo de una sonda.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

NASA tambi\u00e9n viajar\u00e1 en MMX<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Aunque JAXA dirige la misi\u00f3n, Estados Unidos aporta instrumentos y tecnolog\u00eda. Uno de los elementos centrales es MEGANE, un espectr\u00f3metro de rayos gamma y neutrones desarrollado por el Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory con participaci\u00f3n del Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.<\/p>\n

MEGANE medir\u00e1 neutrones y rayos gamma emitidos desde la superficie de Fobos para determinar su composici\u00f3n elemental. Es, en esencia, una forma de mirar qu\u00edmicamente la luna sin tener que excavarla primero. Su propio nombre significa \u201cgafas\u201d en japon\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

NASA aporta adem\u00e1s P-Sampler, un sistema instalado en una de las patas de la nave que utilizar\u00e1 r\u00e1fagas de nitr\u00f3geno a alta presi\u00f3n para levantar y capturar material superficial. Trabajar\u00e1 junto al sistema japon\u00e9s C-Sampler, dise\u00f1ado para obtener material a mayor profundidad.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Una muestra que se estudiar\u00e1 durante d\u00e9cadas<\/strong><\/h2>\n

NASA recibir\u00e1 aproximadamente el 15 % del material que regrese a la Tierra y lo conservar\u00e1 en su laboratorio de astromateriales del Johnson Space Center. La estrategia sigue la l\u00f3gica de otras misiones de retorno de muestras: preservar parte del material para generaciones futuras, cuando existan instrumentos capaces de hacer an\u00e1lisis que hoy todav\u00eda no son posibles.<\/p>\n

El valor cient\u00edfico podr\u00eda ser enorme. Si Fobos resulta ser material expulsado de Marte por un impacto, sus granos conservar\u00edan informaci\u00f3n sobre la composici\u00f3n y evoluci\u00f3n temprana del planeta. Si, en cambio, es un asteroide capturado, podr\u00eda guardar una muestra pr\u00e1cticamente intacta de otra regi\u00f3n del sistema solar primitivo.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Jap\u00f3n intenta traer a la Tierra una pieza del sistema marciano<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Las grandes misiones espaciales suelen mirar mundos distantes desde \u00f3rbita. MMX pretende algo distinto: tocar una luna de Marte y regresar con una parte de ella. En menos de dos d\u00edas, si el calendario se mantiene, comenzar\u00e1 un viaje que durar\u00e1 a\u00f1os y cuyo resultado final cabr\u00e1 probablemente en un recipiente peque\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

Pero ese pu\u00f1ado de material podr\u00eda responder una pregunta gigantesca. Saber c\u00f3mo nacieron Fobos y Deimos ayudar\u00eda a reconstruir no solo la historia de Marte, sino tambi\u00e9n el violento periodo en que se formaron y transformaron los mundos rocosos del sistema solar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jap\u00f3n est\u00e1 a punto de enviar una nave hacia las dos peque\u00f1as lunas de Marte con una ambici\u00f3n extraordinaria: aterrizar en Fobos, arrancar material de su superficie y traerlo de regreso a la Tierra. Si la misi\u00f3n MMX cumple su objetivo, una muestra llegada en 2031 podr\u00eda resolver una discusi\u00f3n que lleva d\u00e9cadas abierta: de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":3966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,33205423],"tags":[33207038,33206138,33206977,33206139,33206978],"class_list":["post-3965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-cosmos","tag-deimos","tag-fobos","tag-jaxa","tag-marte","tag-mmx"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJap\u00f3n va por un pedazo de Fobos: la misi\u00f3n que puede resolver el misterio de las lunas de Marte - Ca\u00f1asanta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/science\/cosmos\/japon-mmx-fobos-muestra-lunas-marte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jap\u00f3n va por un pedazo de Fobos: la misi\u00f3n que puede resolver el misterio de las lunas de Marte\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jap\u00f3n est\u00e1 a punto de enviar una nave hacia las dos peque\u00f1as lunas de Marte con una ambici\u00f3n extraordinaria: aterrizar en Fobos, arrancar material de su superficie y traerlo de regreso a la Tierra. 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