Una cat\u00e1strofe surgida del mar<\/strong><\/h2>\nLa erupci\u00f3n Kikai-Akahoya ocurri\u00f3 frente al sur de Kyushu, en una enorme caldera submarina. Fue un episodio de magnitud excepcional que expuls\u00f3 cantidades masivas de material volc\u00e1nico y cubri\u00f3 grandes regiones con ceniza.<\/p>\n
En aquel momento Jap\u00f3n estaba habitado por comunidades de la cultura Jomon, grupos de cazadores-recolectores con una larga historia de adaptaci\u00f3n a diferentes ambientes del archipi\u00e9lago.<\/p>\n
Durante d\u00e9cadas, arque\u00f3logos y ge\u00f3logos discutieron si la cat\u00e1strofe hab\u00eda producido un colapso generalizado de esas poblaciones. La nueva investigaci\u00f3n, liderada por la Universidad de Lund y publicada en Science Advances<\/em>, indica que la respuesta fue muy distinta seg\u00fan la regi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
El sur ya estaba perdiendo poblaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\nLos investigadores analizaron patrones demogr\u00e1ficos antes y despu\u00e9s de la erupci\u00f3n. En el sur de Kyushu, una de las zonas m\u00e1s castigadas, la poblaci\u00f3n Jomon ya hab\u00eda comenzado a disminuir antes del desastre.<\/p>\n
Eso significa que la erupci\u00f3n golpe\u00f3 una regi\u00f3n que no estaba en su punto m\u00e1ximo de ocupaci\u00f3n. Los grupos humanos que permanec\u00edan all\u00ed parecen haber sido relativamente m\u00f3viles y dispersos.<\/p>\n
La cat\u00e1strofe agrav\u00f3 las dificultades, pero el descenso demogr\u00e1fico no puede atribuirse \u00fanicamente al volc\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Mientras una regi\u00f3n ca\u00eda, otra segu\u00eda creciendo<\/strong><\/h2>\nM\u00e1s al norte, el panorama fue sorprendentemente diferente. En el norte de Kyushu la poblaci\u00f3n hab\u00eda estado aumentando y esa tendencia continu\u00f3 incluso durante y despu\u00e9s de la cat\u00e1strofe.<\/p>\n
Los autores consideran posible que parte de ese crecimiento se explicara por movimientos de personas desde las \u00e1reas devastadas hacia regiones menos afectadas.<\/p>\n
En otras palabras, el desastre no produjo una \u00fanica reacci\u00f3n. Algunas comunidades abandonaron determinados territorios, otras recibieron nuevos habitantes y algunas transformaron la manera en que explotaban los recursos disponibles.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Las costas se convirtieron en refugios<\/strong><\/h2>\nEl estudio sugiere que varios grupos del interior se desplazaron hacia las costas septentrionales, donde los ecosistemas marinos pudieron recuperarse con mayor rapidez que los terrestres cubiertos por ceniza.<\/p>\n
La pesca, el marisqueo y otros recursos marinos habr\u00edan proporcionado una alternativa crucial en un paisaje donde la caza y la recolecci\u00f3n terrestre se volvieron m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles.<\/p>\n
Este cambio pudo haber impulsado nuevas formas de adaptaci\u00f3n y cooperaci\u00f3n entre grupos que sobrevivieron al desastre.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
La ceniza tambi\u00e9n golpe\u00f3 a los animales<\/strong><\/h2>\nUno de los posibles efectos indirectos de la erupci\u00f3n fue el da\u00f1o a los animales terrestres que serv\u00edan de alimento a las comunidades Jomon.<\/p>\n
Los investigadores se\u00f1alan que ciervos y jabal\u00edes pudieron sufrir un desgaste dental severo al alimentarse en paisajes cubiertos de ceniza volc\u00e1nica. Si esos animales disminuyeron o enfermaron, las consecuencias para los cazadores-recolectores habr\u00edan sido importantes.<\/p>\n
Adem\u00e1s, una erupci\u00f3n de esta magnitud puede producir efectos clim\u00e1ticos temporales mucho m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del \u00e1rea inmediata del volc\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
El trabajo detect\u00f3 precisamente se\u00f1ales de estancamiento o declive demogr\u00e1fico en regiones alejadas que antes de la erupci\u00f3n hab\u00edan mostrado crecimiento.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Una sociedad no responde de una sola manera<\/strong><\/h2>\nLa conclusi\u00f3n central de la investigaci\u00f3n es que incluso una cat\u00e1strofe extrema no produce consecuencias uniformes.<\/p>\n
La vulnerabilidad depende de c\u00f3mo viv\u00eda una poblaci\u00f3n antes del desastre, de los recursos disponibles, de su movilidad y de su capacidad para establecer nuevas redes sociales y econ\u00f3micas.<\/p>\n
Algunas comunidades pueden colapsar, otras desplazarse y otras incluso crecer al recibir poblaci\u00f3n procedente de territorios destruidos.<\/p>\n
Para los autores, esta diversidad de respuestas ayuda a comprender mejor c\u00f3mo los seres humanos se han enfrentado a crisis ambientales durante miles de a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
La capa de ceniza que divide la historia<\/strong><\/h2>\nEn el sur de Kyushu todav\u00eda puede verse una gruesa capa de dep\u00f3sitos volc\u00e1nicos asociada a Kikai-Akahoya. Para los arque\u00f3logos funciona como una frontera visible en el tiempo.<\/p>\n
Por debajo de esa capa est\u00e1n los restos de un mundo anterior a la cat\u00e1strofe. Por encima aparecen las sociedades que sobrevivieron y reconstruyeron sus formas de vida.<\/p>\n
La erupci\u00f3n destruy\u00f3 paisajes enteros, pero no borr\u00f3 la presencia humana. El nuevo estudio muestra algo m\u00e1s interesante: ante uno de los peores desastres naturales de la prehistoria reciente, las comunidades Jomon no reaccionaron de la misma manera. Se movieron, se reorganizaron y buscaron nuevas formas de sobrevivir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Un estudio en Science Advances reconstruye c\u00f3mo la erupci\u00f3n Kikai-Akahoya, hace 7.300 a\u00f1os, alter\u00f3 de forma desigual las poblaciones Jomon de Jap\u00f3n.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":3899,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3503],"tags":[33205782,33207032,33207031],"class_list":["post-3898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia","tag-japon","tag-jomon","tag-kikai-akahoya"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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