{"id":3676,"date":"2026-10-17T23:44:32","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T03:44:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/uncategorized\/tumba-3000-anos-jordania-marfil-fenicio-cinturon-frigio-especias\/"},"modified":"2026-10-17T23:46:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T03:46:58","slug":"tumba-3000-anos-jordania-marfil-fenicio-cinturon-frigio-especias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/historia\/arqueologia\/tumba-3000-anos-jordania-marfil-fenicio-cinturon-frigio-especias\/","title":{"rendered":"Una tumba de 3.000 a\u00f1os en Jordania revela marfil fenicio, un cintur\u00f3n frigio y rastros de especias ex\u00f3ticas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Una tumba comunitaria excavada en Pella, en el norte de Jordania, est\u00e1 obligando a mirar con otros ojos las conexiones culturales y comerciales del Levante de hace unos 3.000 a\u00f1os. La llamada Tumba 89 ha reunido en un mismo contexto funerario marfil de estilo fenicio, un raro cintur\u00f3n de bronce de tradici\u00f3n frigia, un pu\u00f1al relacionado con el mundo egeo y recipientes ceremoniales cuyos residuos qu\u00edmicos apuntan a plantas arom\u00e1ticas y, de manera todav\u00eda preliminar, a productos tan ex\u00f3ticos como la pimienta negra.<\/p>\n

El hallazgo no es simplemente una colecci\u00f3n de objetos llamativos. Lo extraordinario es la convivencia de influencias procedentes de regiones muy separadas en enterramientos fechados aproximadamente entre 1000 y 900 a. C., un periodo en el que el Mediterr\u00e1neo oriental atravesaba profundas transformaciones pol\u00edticas y econ\u00f3micas.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Una tumba que conecta mundos distintos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Entre los individuos enterrados en la Tumba 89 aparece una mujer joven acompa\u00f1ada por marfil de estilo fenicio. Otro individuo masculino fue depositado con un pu\u00f1al deliberadamente da\u00f1ado y con un cintur\u00f3n de bronce de estilo frigio que, seg\u00fan los investigadores, constituye un objeto excepcional para el Levante de comienzos de la Edad del Hierro. La combinaci\u00f3n sugiere que Pella no era un enclave aislado, sino un punto conectado con redes culturales que alcanzaban Anatolia, el Egeo y la costa fenicia.<\/p>\n

Los arque\u00f3logos tambi\u00e9n estudiaron peque\u00f1os c\u00e1lices asociados a los enterramientos. Un nuevo an\u00e1lisis qu\u00edmico de los residuos conservados en siete de esos recipientes detect\u00f3 compuestos compatibles con sustancias vegetales arom\u00e1ticas. Entre las posibilidades planteadas aparece la pimienta negra, cuyo origen natural se encuentra en el sur de Asia. De confirmarse mediante an\u00e1lisis adicionales, ser\u00eda una se\u00f1al extraordinaria de circulaci\u00f3n de productos a enormes distancias.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lo que qued\u00f3 dentro de las copas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El trabajo, publicado en Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports<\/em>, no presenta la identificaci\u00f3n de las especias como una certeza definitiva. Los propios investigadores subrayan que el n\u00famero de recipientes analizados es reducido y que algunos compuestos necesitan compararse con est\u00e1ndares de referencia antes de establecer su procedencia con seguridad.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, tres de los c\u00e1lices con perfiles qu\u00edmicos particularmente distintivos estaban asociados precisamente con personas enterradas junto a objetos que mostraban conexiones culturales no locales. Esa coincidencia abre una posibilidad fascinante: determinadas sustancias arom\u00e1ticas o alimentos especiales pudieron formar parte de rituales funerarios reservados para individuos de mayor rango, riqueza o importancia ceremonial.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pella despu\u00e9s del colapso<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El periodo al que pertenece la tumba sigui\u00f3 al colapso de varias grandes estructuras pol\u00edticas del Mediterr\u00e1neo oriental al final de la Edad del Bronce. Durante mucho tiempo, ese cambio se describi\u00f3 como una ruptura dr\u00e1stica de las antiguas redes internacionales. La Tumba 89 ofrece una imagen bastante m\u00e1s compleja. Los grandes sistemas pol\u00edticos pudieron desaparecer o transformarse, pero los objetos, las ideas y quiz\u00e1 incluso las especias continuaron viajando.<\/p>\n

El marfil de inspiraci\u00f3n fenicia, el arma vinculada al Egeo y el cintur\u00f3n de tradici\u00f3n frigia no significan necesariamente que sus propietarios procedieran de esas regiones. S\u00ed demuestran que s\u00edmbolos, t\u00e9cnicas y bienes de prestigio atravesaban fronteras culturales y terminaban formando parte de la identidad y de los rituales de comunidades situadas lejos de sus lugares de origen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Una pista de 3.000 a\u00f1os todav\u00eda abierta<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Los investigadores quieren ampliar el estudio a otros recipientes rituales de Pella, incluidos materiales procedentes de templos y contextos diferentes. Solo entonces podr\u00e1 saberse si los compuestos encontrados en la Tumba 89 correspond\u00edan a pr\u00e1cticas funerarias excepcionales o si formaban parte de una tradici\u00f3n religiosa m\u00e1s extendida.<\/p>\n

Por ahora, la tumba conserva una imagen extraordinaria del antiguo Levante: personas enterradas con objetos que hablan idiomas culturales distintos y peque\u00f1as copas que todav\u00eda guardan mol\u00e9culas de aquello que se ofreci\u00f3 a los muertos hace tres milenios. A veces la arqueolog\u00eda reconstruye una civilizaci\u00f3n a partir de monumentos; otras veces basta el residuo invisible que qued\u00f3 adherido al fondo de una copa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Tumba 89 de Pella, en Jordania, re\u00fane objetos de procedencias muy distintas y residuos org\u00e1nicos que podr\u00edan incluir especias llegadas desde enormes distancias hace unos 3.000 a\u00f1os.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":3674,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,33205478],"tags":[33206974,33205561,33206973,33206972],"class_list":["post-3676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-arqueologia","tag-arqueologia-biblica","tag-edad-del-hierro","tag-jordania","tag-pella"],"acf":{"introduccion":"","fuentes_y_referencias":"Sheaves, P., Peng, K.-Y., Bourke, S. & Crossett, B. 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