{"id":3467,"date":"2026-10-17T20:59:36","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T00:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/uncategorized\/roman-telescopio-nasa-30-por-ciento-mejor-esperado\/"},"modified":"2026-10-17T21:03:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T01:03:56","slug":"roman-telescopio-nasa-30-por-ciento-mejor-esperado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/canasanta.ca\/en\/ciencia\/cosmos\/roman-telescopio-nasa-30-por-ciento-mejor-esperado\/","title":{"rendered":"Roman abre los ojos: el nuevo telescopio de NASA ve un 30% mejor de lo esperado"},"content":{"rendered":"

NASA acaba de comprobar que uno de sus observatorios espaciales m\u00e1s ambiciosos est\u00e1 viendo el universo con una precisi\u00f3n superior a la prevista. El telescopio espacial Nancy Grace Roman, lanzado el pasado 30 de agosto, ha terminado una delicada fase de ajustes en \u00f3rbita y su instrumento principal est\u00e1 ofreciendo una calidad \u00f3ptica casi un 30 % mejor de lo que los ingenieros hab\u00edan calculado antes del lanzamiento.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

La diferencia entre una imagen correcta y una imagen extraordinaria dependi\u00f3 de un movimiento casi absurdo por su peque\u00f1ez. Los ingenieros desplazaron el espejo secundario aproximadamente una dieciseisava parte del di\u00e1metro de un cabello humano. Esa correcci\u00f3n microsc\u00f3pica fue suficiente para llevar el sistema \u00f3ptico a un nivel de precisi\u00f3n que coloca al Roman en una posici\u00f3n excepcional antes del comienzo de sus grandes campa\u00f1as cient\u00edficas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Un error de apenas 63 nan\u00f3metros<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

El Wide Field Instrument, la enorme c\u00e1mara infrarroja de 300 megap\u00edxeles que ser\u00e1 el coraz\u00f3n cient\u00edfico del observatorio, ten\u00eda como requisito una desviaci\u00f3n \u00f3ptica de alrededor de 90 nan\u00f3metros RMS. Despu\u00e9s de las correcciones realizadas en el espacio, NASA midi\u00f3 solamente 63 nan\u00f3metros. Estamos hablando de imperfecciones aproximadamente mil veces m\u00e1s delgadas que un cabello humano.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

El resultado significa algo muy concreto para la astronom\u00eda: las im\u00e1genes de los grandes censos c\u00f3smicos de Roman ser\u00e1n m\u00e1s n\u00edtidas de lo previsto. Esa precisi\u00f3n adicional ser\u00e1 especialmente valiosa porque el observatorio no fue construido para mirar una peque\u00f1a regi\u00f3n del cielo durante mucho tiempo, sino para cartografiar enormes extensiones del universo con una combinaci\u00f3n poco habitual de amplitud y detalle.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Un Hubble con una mirada gigantesca<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Roman posee un espejo principal de 2,4 metros, comparable en tama\u00f1o al del Hubble, pero su campo de visi\u00f3n es al menos cien veces mayor. En lugar de contemplar el cosmos a trav\u00e9s de una ventana estrecha, podr\u00e1 construir panoramas inmensos y estudiar potencialmente la luz de alrededor de mil millones de galaxias durante su vida cient\u00edfica.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ese volumen de informaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 destinado a atacar algunos de los problemas m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles de la cosmolog\u00eda moderna. Roman estudiar\u00e1 c\u00f3mo se distribuye la materia oscura, seguir\u00e1 la expansi\u00f3n acelerada del universo para investigar la naturaleza de la energ\u00eda oscura y realizar\u00e1 censos de exoplanetas que permitir\u00e1n estimar con mucha mayor precisi\u00f3n qu\u00e9 tipos de sistemas planetarios existen en nuestra galaxia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

El coron\u00f3grafo tambi\u00e9n despierta<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

El segundo gran instrumento del telescopio, el Coronagraph Instrument, tambi\u00e9n atraves\u00f3 su propia fase de enfoque. Sus primeras im\u00e1genes presentaban un ligero desenfoque, pero el problema estaba dentro de lo esperado y pudo corregirse. El equipo continuar\u00e1 calibrando la c\u00e1mara y sus espejos deformables antes de intentar una de las pruebas tecnol\u00f3gicas m\u00e1s importantes de la misi\u00f3n: bloquear la luz de una estrella para observar directamente objetos mucho m\u00e1s d\u00e9biles a su alrededor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

La t\u00e9cnica es extremadamente dif\u00edcil porque una estrella puede ser millones o miles de millones de veces m\u00e1s brillante que un planeta cercano. Conseguir suprimir esa luz con precisi\u00f3n abre el camino hacia futuras generaciones de telescopios capaces de fotografiar mundos parecidos a la Tierra y estudiar directamente sus caracter\u00edsticas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

El universo acaba de ganar otro par de ojos<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Lo m\u00e1s notable es que Roman todav\u00eda est\u00e1 en su etapa de puesta a punto. Las operaciones cient\u00edficas rutinarias est\u00e1n previstas para comenzar a comienzos de 2027, pero las primeras pruebas ya muestran que el observatorio lleg\u00f3 al espacio en condiciones excepcionales. NASA se\u00f1ala que tanto el Wide Field Instrument como el coron\u00f3grafo est\u00e1n igualando o superando el rendimiento previsto durante las pruebas realizadas en tierra.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Durante a\u00f1os, el Hubble cambi\u00f3 nuestra manera de mirar el universo y el James Webb abri\u00f3 una ventana infrarroja hacia \u00e9pocas c\u00f3smicas que antes apenas pod\u00edamos alcanzar. Roman tendr\u00e1 una misi\u00f3n diferente: mirar much\u00edsimo cielo, hacerlo con enorme precisi\u00f3n y repetir esas observaciones hasta convertir el universo en un gigantesco mapa din\u00e1mico. Si sus primeras mediciones son una indicaci\u00f3n de lo que viene, ese mapa ser\u00e1 todav\u00eda m\u00e1s n\u00edtido de lo que NASA esperaba.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una correcci\u00f3n equivalente a una fracci\u00f3n del grosor de un cabello llev\u00f3 al telescopio Nancy Grace Roman a una calidad de imagen casi 30 % superior a la prevista.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":284226809,"featured_media":3464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33205457,33205423],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-dia","category-cosmos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRoman 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